Wednesday, 12 September 2007

Lim Chin Siong, the man who was nearly our PM - Part 6


Lim Chin Siong's Place in Singapore History

"Lim Chin Siong would have adapted, and would have approved. He flashed brilliantly across the Singapore sky like a meteor, bringing hope and excitement to the people coming out of the intellectual darkness of the colonial era. He brunt out before our eyes. His passage from student activist, to workers' leader, to charismatic freedom fighter, and the years of his young life spent in political prisons, is the stuff of revolutionary legend. Singapore's history begins when he is given his proper place in its annals."

- M.K. Rajakumar

Lim Chin Siong in Britain's Southeast Asian De-Colonisation

"....the youthful Lim rose to prominence primarily through his own political genius. This is what really caused the British authorities to consider his a threat. He was barely 20 years of age when his political activity caught the eye of British colonial authorities."

- Greg Poulgrain

"Perhaps because of his ability with the local vernacular or his capacity to organise and inspire Singaporean workers, he was described as the most politically talented on the scene at that time. In addition, he was described as 'handsome' and special note was made of his age as 'ten years younger then Lee Kuan Yew'...."

- Greg Poulgrain

"By chance, it was the time of the national election results in Singapore, and the party in which Lim and Lee had initially worked together but which became Lee Kuan Yew's political juggernaut, the People's Action Party (PAP), had won all seats but four. In response to a radio announcement that there would be an investigation into how even these four were lost, Lim Chin Siong shook his head in quiet disbelief."

- Greg Poulgrain

"Lim Chin Siong always denied claims that he was associated with the communist party, and he accused Lee Kuan Yew, who hounded him with this accusation, of using 'the whole machinery and facilities of the state...to muzzle his political opponents'."

- Greg Poulgrain

"Goode commented that most of the detainees released before the PAP took office were brought into the government, but 'only a few are regarded as dangerous. Of these Lim Chin Siong is by far the most capable.....The Prime Minister (Lee Kuan Yew) has spoken of the need to take the initiative against Lim Chin Siong before his position becomes too strong'."

- Greg Poulgrain

"In the Outlook for Singapore report, it was reported: Lee is 36 and the average age of his Cabinet is 38. His most dangerous opponent Lim Chin Siong (aged 26) whose release from detention on 4th June was timed by Lee to exclude him from office, both in the Government and in the newly elected Party executive committee. These two leaders symbolise the struggle between non-Communists and the Communists to win the loyalty of the Chinese-speaking mass of the population, which tends towards Chinese Chauvinism and sympathy with Communism."

- Greg Poulgrain

Above are abstracts from the book 'Comet in our sky', for the full story, get the book and find out for yourself.

Greg Poulgrain is a Lecturer in History in Griffiths University in Brisbane, Queensland. He has been working on SOutheast Asian history for over two decades.

Tuesday, 11 September 2007

Lim Chin Siong, the man who was nearly our PM - Part 5


Lim Chin Siong - A Political Life

"He soon found school life there restrictive and persuaded his father to use his influence to transfer him to the Chinese High School, then, as now, the premier Chinese medium high school in Singapore. He was now sixteen years old, and like many young men of his generation, much more mature than his years. Here, he would meet and interact with well-read, knowledgeable, confident, assertive students, many of whom had been radicalised by the war years, so different from the laid-back country bumpkins he knew back in Pontian."

- Tan Jing Quee

"Lim Chin Siong would soon make his mark as an active student leader, espouse radical causes, and become firm friends with Fong Swee Suan, his classmate in Chinese High School."

- Tan Jing Quee

"In 1953, when he was barely 20 years old, he joined the Changi Branch of the Bus Workers and correspondence. Soon, he became a well-known figure in the trade unions, with a flair for public speaking and a strong sense of commitment to the cause of labour."

- Tan Jing Quee

"He was elected Secretary of a small union bearing the grandiose name of the Singapore Factory and Shop Workers Union (SFSWU) with a membership of barely 300 members. There is some ambiguity as to whether he founded the union, although Chin Siong would later say that he joined an existing union and was elected secretary. But there was no doubt that within a brief period of just a year, the membership of SFSWU had expanded rapidly to more than 30, 000, making it one of the most powerful trade unions in Singapore at that time."

- Tan Jing Quee

"Chin Siong would be prominent enough to attract the attention of Lee Kuan Yew and his colleagues when they were looking around for grassroots leaders to form a new political party."

- Tan Jing Quee

"The newly established PAP decided to contest the elections on 2 April 1955 in four constituencies 'to expose the inadequacies of the Constitution and to secure a forum to propagate its objectives'."

- Tan Jing Quee

"James Puthucheary, who was in charge of PAP publicity for the elections, recalled the first rally held in a remote Chinese village.
'Toh Chin Chye spoke first, in English! No response from the crowd. Ong Eng Guan was next, in Hokkien, but not very good. The crowd was restless. Then, Lim Chin Siong stood up. He was brillaint, and the crowd was spell-bound'........."

- Tan Jing Quee

"Arthur S.W.Lim, the well-known eye surgeon, recounted another experience of the youthful charisma and the powerful impact of Chin Siong's oratory of the period.
'There were 40, 000 people, each mesmerised by Lim Chin Siong's oratory. "The British say you cannot stand on your own two feet", he jeered, "Show them how you can stand!" And 40, 000 people leapt up - shining with sweat, fists in the air - shouting, Merdeka'..."

- Tan Jing Quee

"Chin Siong was elected to his seat in the Bukit Timah constituency and entered the Legislative Assembly at the youthful age of 22."

- Tan Jing Quee

"David Marshall had first met Lim Chin Siong after the 1955 Elections through Lee Kuan Yew, who was PAP Secretary General and leader of the PAP group of Assemblymen. Melanie Chew quotes Marshall's personal account of that encounter in her book, Leaders of Singapore:
'Chin Siong was introduced to me by Lee Kuan Yew. Kuan Yew came to visit me in my little office underneath the stairs, one desk, and one naked light. And he said, "Meet the future Prime Minister of Singapore". I looked at Lim Chin Siong and laughed. He said, "Don't laugh! He's the finest Chinese orator in Singapore and he will be our next Prime MInister of Singapore.'...."

- Tan Jing Quee

".....on 8 July 1956, Lim Chin Siong was elected to the Central Executive Committee (CEC) of the PAP as Assistant Secretary General with the largest number of votes, ahead of Lee Kuan Yew and Toh Chin Chye."

- Tan Jing Quee

"The October repression effectively excluded Lim Chin Siong from participation in the PAP deliberations regarding the new round of consitutional talks in London to be led by Lim Yew Hock. Only Lee Kuan Yew would represent the PAP. Chin Siong's absence from the talks would conveniently remove the thorny British problem........"

- Tan Jing Quee

"The October repression therefore cleared the stage, leaving the two principal beneficiaries, Lim Yew Hock and Lee Kuan Yew, to determine the shape of the next phase of Singapore's constitutional advance."

- Tan Jing Quee

"Lee Kuan Yew played the perfect foil, with his incisive parliamentary thrusts, which the Chief Minister and his cohort of ministers failed miserably to meet.......The popularity of Lim Yew Hock sank with each new repression or scandal, just as Lee Kuan Yew's star continued to rise with each successive parliamentary debate."

- Tan Jing Quee

"Thus, the true beneficiary of the repression launched by Lim Yew Hock government was Lee Kuan Yew."

- Tan Jing Quee



Above are abstracts from the book 'Comet in our sky', for the full story, get the book and find out for yourself.

Tan Jing Quee is a lawyer with a strong interest in the post-war political history of Singapore and Malaysia. He was detained in October 1963 after Operation Coldstore and the PAP's electoral victory. After his release, he went to study law in London where he spent considerable time with Lim Chin Siong after the latter's release. He was detained again in 1977 for a briefer period.

Monday, 10 September 2007

Lim Chin Siong, the man who was nearly our PM - Part 4

Lim Chin Siong and the 'Singapore story'

"On his election to the Legislative Assembly in 1955, and in the aftermath of the Hock Lee riots, Lim addressed the charge directly.
'Sir, I would like to say that I am an elected representative of the people. As such, I am not answerable for my actions to the colonial official, I am only answerable to the people. Secondly, as a member of the PAP, I stand for a free democratic Malaya through peaceful and non-violent method....'...."

- T.N. Harper

"Lim maintained this position throughout this period. On breaking with the PAP in 1961, he reiterated 'Let me make it clear once and for all that I am not a Communist or a Communist front-man or, for that matter, anybody's front-man'....."

- T.N. Harper

"Whether a person is a Communist or a Communist agent, only he knows and God knows. Between his conscience and God of course lies the Special Branch and it is up to them to show that these men whom they have arrested are Communists or Communist agents."

- Lee Kuan Yew

"For Lee Kuan Yew, Malaysia was a crucial aspiration for Singpaore's future security and prosperity; he also saw it as vital to his political survival." .................

"And it was in recognition of this that Lim Chin Siong and the left rejected the terms of Singapore's merger with Malaysia." ..................

"As Lim argued in an early speech in the Legislative Council in April 1955:
The people ask for fundamental democratic rights, they have only got the freedom of firecrackers after seven o'clock in the evening. The people ask for bread and they have been given stones instead..."

- T.N Harper

Above are abstracts from the book 'Comet in our sky', for the full story, get the book and find out for yourself.

T.N Harper is a fellow of Magdalene College and Lecturer in the Faculty of History, University of Cambridge. His principal interests are in South east Asian history and the history of the British Empire.

Sunday, 9 September 2007

Lim Chin Siong, the man who was nearly our PM - Part 3

Preface
Lim Chin Siong - The man and his moment

"This volume then is a modest attempt to try to set the record straight on the legacy of a remarkable and charismatic leader who represented the principal alternative in the late fifties and early sixties, and would haveled Singapore differently, if not for his tragic fate."

".....Lim was undoubtedly the prime mover of the island's predominantly Chinese working class population."

- Jomo K.S

Saturday, 8 September 2007

Lim Chin Siong, the man who was nearly our PM - Part 2


Abstracted part of it from the book,

Biographical Background:

1933 - Born on 28/02 at Telok Ayer St, Singapore

1936 - Family moved to Johore

1939 - Entered Pei Chun Pri Sch, Pontian

1942 - School closed due to Japanese invasion

1945 - Resumed school after Japanese surrender

1949 - Enrolled at Catholic High School, Singapore

1950 - Transferred to Chinese High School, Singapore

1951 - Detained for questioning in Aug & Oct in connection with examinations boycott; subsequently expelled from school. Worked as part-time teacher and attended English evening classes.

1953 - Became paid secretary, Changi Bus Workers Union, and subsequently Spinning Workers Union

1954 - Elected Secretary to Singapore Factory and Shop Workers Union. May 13: Demonstrations by Chinese Middle Schools against national conscriptions; students charged with unlawful assembly and rioting. Aug: 8 members of Editorial Board of Fajar charged with sediton. Nov 21: PAP launched

1955 - Apr 2: Lim Chin Siong was elected Assemblyman for Bukit Timah. May 12: Hock Lee Bus Workers strike led to riots

1956 - Mar 19: Mass Rally demanding Merdeka held in conjunction with visiting Parliamentary delegation from UK. Apr: LKY and Lim represented PAP for London Constitutional Talks. The talks failed and David Marshall resigned as Chief Minister, replaced by Lim Yew Hock. Sep 18 to Oct 26: Island wide rioting, police mounted mass arests, including Lim Chin Siong

1957 - Aug 21: Police mounted new wave of mass arrests, including 6 newly appointed CEC members of the PAP. Dec 22: PAP won City Council elections; Ong Eng Guan became Mayor

1959 - PAP won 43 out of 51 seats in GE, LKY became Prime Minister. Jun 4: 8 leading left wing leaders in PAP including Lim Chin Siong released from prison. Lim Chin Siong, Fong Swee Suan and S. Woodhull were appointed Political Secretaries

1961 - Apr: Ong Eng Guan defeated PAP candidate in Hong Lim by-election. May 27: Tunku Rahman proposed 'closer assocation' between Malaya, Singapore and the Borneo states of Sabah, Sarawak and Brunei. Jul 1: PAP lost Anson by election to David Marshall. Lim Chin Siong, Fong Swee Suan, S. Woodhull, Lee Siew Choh expelled from PAP. Aug: Lim called for intensification of anti-colonial struggle to achieve full internal self government. Sep 17: Mass Rally to inaugurate formation of Barisan Sosialis. Oct 3: Inaugural elections: Dr Lee Siew Choh became Chairman, Lim CHin Siong as SG

1962 - Sep 1: National Referendum on Merger; 25.7% cast blank votes

1963 - Feb 2: Lim together with more than 111 leaders and activists under Operation Coldstore. Oct: Mass arrests following PAP victory in GE

1964 - Racial riots in Singapore

1965 - Aug 9: Singapore separated from Federation of Malaysia

1969 - May 13: Racial riots in Malaysia. Jul 28: Lim suffered depressions, released and went on exile to London

1970 - Married Wong Chui Wan in London; followed by birth of 2 sons, Ziyi in 1973 and Zi Kuan in 1977

1975 - Nov: Lim Teng Geok (Chin Siong's father) died in Hong Kong, Chin Siong returned for funeral rites in Pontian

1979 - Lim returned with family to Singapore

1980 - Suffered heart attack whilst on tour in China, admitted to hospital for 20 days

1981 - Underwent coronary bypass surgery, Sydney

1995 - Jul 9: Mother, Ang Sai Neo died in KL

1996 - Feb 5: Died of heart attack in Singapore

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